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System Administration Commands lockstat(1M)
NAME
lockstat - report kernel lock and profiling statistics
SYNOPSIS
lockstat [-ACEHI] [ -e event_list] [-i rate] [-b | -t | -h |
-s depth] [-n nrecords] [ -l lock [ , size]] [-d duration]
[ -f function [ , size]] [-T] [-ckgwWRpP] [-D count] [-
o filename] command [args]
DESCRIPTION
The lockstat utility gathers and displays kernel locking and
profiling statistics. lockstat allows you to specify which
events to watch (for example, ``spin on adaptive mutex,''
``block on read access to rwlock due to waiting writers,''
and so forth) how much data to gather for each event, and
how to display the data. By default, lockstat monitors all
lock contention events, gathers frequency and timing data
about those events, and displays the data in decreasing fre-
quency order, so that the most common events appear first.
lockstat gathers data until the specified command completes.
For example, to gather statistics for a fixed-time interval,
use sleep(1) as the command, as follows:
example# lockstat sleep 5
When the -I option is specified, lockstat establishes a
per-processor high-level periodic interrupt source to gather
profiling data. The interrupt handler simply generates a
lockstat event whose ``caller'' is the interrupted PC (pro-
gram counter). The profiling event is just like any other
lockstat event, so all of the normal lockstat options are
applicable.
lockstat relies on DTrace to modify the running kernel's
text to intercept events of interest. This imposes a small
but measurable overhead on all system activity, so access to
lockstat is restricted to super-user by default. The system
administrator can permit other users to use lockstat by
granting them additional DTrace privileges. Refer to the
Solaris Dynamic Tracing Guide for more information about
DTrace security features.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
Event Selection
If no event selection options are specified, the default is
-C.
-A Watch all lock events. -A is equivalent to
-CH.
-C Watch contention events.
-E Watch error events.
-e event_list Only watch the specified events. event list
is a comma-separated list of events or
ranges of events such as 1,4-7,35. Run lock-
stat with no arguments to get a brief
description of all events.
-H Watch hold events.
-I Watch profiling interrupt events.
-i rate Interrupt rate (per second) for -I. The
default is 97 Hz, so that profiling doesn't
run in lockstep with the clock interrupt
(which runs at 100 Hz).
Data Gathering (Mutually Exclusive)
-b Basic statistics: lock, caller, number of
events.
-h Histogram: Timing plus time-distribution
histograms.
-s depth Stack trace: Histogram plus stack traces up
to depth frames deep.
-t Timing: Basic plus timing for all events
[default].
Data Filtering
-d duration Only watch events longer than duration.
-f func[,size] Only watch events generated by func, which
can be specified as a symbolic name or hex
address. size defaults to the ELF symbol
size if available, or 1 if not.
-l lock[,size] Only watch lock, which can be specified as a
symbolic name or hex address. size defaults
to the ELF symbol size or 1 if the symbol
size is not available.
-n nrecords Maximum number of data records.
-T Trace (rather than sample) events [off by
default].
Data Reporting
-c Coalesce lock data for lock arrays (for
example, pse_mutex[]).
-D count Only display the top count events of each
type.
-g Show total events generated by function. For
example, if foo() calls bar() in a loop, the
work done by bar() counts as work generated
by foo() (along with any work done by foo()
itself). The -g option works by counting the
total number of stack frames in which each
function appears. This implies two things:
(1) the data reported by -g can be
misleading if the stack traces are not deep
enough, and (2) functions that are called
recursively might show greater than 100%
activity. In light of issue (1), the default
data gathering mode when using -g is -s 50.
-k Coalesce PCs within functions.
-o filename Direct output to filename.
-P Sort data by (count * time) product.
-p Parsable output format.
-R Display rates (events per second) rather
than counts.
-W Whichever: distinguish events only by
caller, not by lock.
-w Wherever: distinguish events only by lock,
not by caller.
DISPLAY FORMATS
The following headers appear over various columns of data.
Count or ops/s Number of times this event occurred,
or the rate (times per second) if -R
was specified.
indv Percentage of all events represented
by this individual event.
genr Percentage of all events generated
by this function.
cuml Cumulative percentage; a running
total of the individuals.
rcnt Average reference count. This will
always be 1 for exclusive locks
(mutexes, spin locks, rwlocks held
as writer) but can be greater than 1
for shared locks (rwlocks held as
reader).
spin or nsec Average number of times caller spun
trying to get the lock, or average
duration of the events in
nanoseconds, as appropriate for the
event. For the profiling event,
``duration'' means interrupt
latency.
Lock Address of the lock; displayed sym-
bolically if possible.
CPU+PIL CPU plus processor interrupt level
(PIL). For example, if CPU 4 is
interrupted while at PIL 6, this
will be reported as cpu[4]+6.
Caller Address of the caller; displayed
symbolically if possible.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Measuring Kernel Lock Contention
example# lockstat sleep 5
Adaptive mutex spin: 2210 events in 5.055 seconds (437 events/sec)
Count indv cuml rcnt spin Lock Caller
------------------------------------------------------------------------
269 12% 12% 1.00 10 service_queue background+0xdc
249 11% 23% 1.00 8 service_queue qenable_locked+0x64
228 10% 34% 1.00 13 service_queue background+0x15c
68 3% 37% 1.00 7 0x30000024070 untimeout+0x1c
59 3% 40% 1.00 38 0x300066fa8e0 background+0xb0
43 2% 41% 1.00 3 rqcred_lock svc_getreq+0x3c
42 2% 43% 1.00 34 0x30006834eb8 background+0xb0
41 2% 45% 1.00 13 0x30000021058 untimeout+0x1c
40 2% 47% 1.00 3 rqcred_lock svc_getreq+0x260
37 2% 49% 1.00 237 0x300068e83d0 hmestart+0x1c4
36 2% 50% 1.00 7 0x30000021058 timeout_common+0x4
36 2% 52% 1.00 35 0x300066fa120 background+0xb0
32 1% 53% 1.00 9 0x30000024070 timeout_common+0x4
31 1% 55% 1.00 292 0x300069883d0 hmestart+0x1c4
29 1% 56% 1.00 36 0x300066fb290 background+0xb0
28 1% 57% 1.00 11 0x3000001e040 untimeout+0x1c
25 1% 59% 1.00 9 0x3000001e040 timeout_common+0x4
22 1% 60% 1.00 2 0x30005161110 sync_stream_buf+0xdc
21 1% 60% 1.00 29 0x30006834eb8 putq+0xa4
19 1% 61% 1.00 4 0x3000515dcb0 mdf_alloc+0xc
18 1% 62% 1.00 45 0x30006834eb8 qenable+0x8
18 1% 63% 1.00 6 service_queue queuerun+0x168
17 1% 64% 1.00 26 0x30005418ee8 vmem_free+0x3c
[...]
R/W reader blocked by writer: 76 events in 5.055 seconds (15 events/sec)
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec Lock Caller
------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 30% 30% 1.00 22590137 0x300098ba358 ufs_dirlook+0xd0
17 22% 53% 1.00 5820995 0x3000ad815e8 find_bp+0x10
13 17% 70% 1.00 2639918 0x300098ba360 ufs_iget+0x198
4 5% 75% 1.00 3193015 0x300098ba360 ufs_getattr+0x54
3 4% 79% 1.00 7953418 0x3000ad817c0 find_bp+0x10
3 4% 83% 1.00 935211 0x3000ad815e8 find_read_lof+0x14
2 3% 86% 1.00 16357310 0x300073a4720 find_bp+0x10
2 3% 88% 1.00 2072433 0x300073a4720 find_read_lof+0x14
2 3% 91% 1.00 1606153 0x300073a4370 find_bp+0x10
1 1% 92% 1.00 2656909 0x300107e7400 ufs_iget+0x198
[...]
Example 2: Measuring Hold Times
example# lockstat -H -D 10 sleep 1
Adaptive mutex spin: 513 events
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec Lock Caller
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
480 5% 5% 1.00 1136 0x300007718e8 putnext+0x40
286 3% 9% 1.00 666 0x3000077b430 getf+0xd8
271 3% 12% 1.00 537 0x3000077b430 msgio32+0x2fc
270 3% 15% 1.00 3670 0x300007718e8 strgetmsg+0x3d4
270 3% 18% 1.00 1016 0x300007c38b0 getq_noenab+0x200
264 3% 20% 1.00 1649 0x300007718e8 strgetmsg+0xa70
216 2% 23% 1.00 6251 tcp_mi_lock tcp_snmp_get+0xfc
206 2% 25% 1.00 602 thread_free_lock clock+0x250
138 2% 27% 1.00 485 0x300007c3998 putnext+0xb8
138 2% 28% 1.00 3706 0x300007718e8 strrput+0x5b8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[...]
Example 3: Measuring Hold Times for Stack Traces Containing
a Specific Function
example# lockstat -H -f tcp_rput_data -s 50 -D 10 sleep 1
Adaptive mutex spin: 11 events in 1.023 seconds (11
events/sec)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec Lock Caller
9 82% 82% 1.00 2540 0x30000031380 tcp_rput_data+0x2b90
nsec ------ Time Distribution ------ count Stack
256 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 5 tcp_rput_data+0x2b90
512 |@@@@@@ 2 putnext+0x78
1024 |@@@ 1 ip_rput+0xec4
2048 | 0 _c_putnext+0x148
4096 | 0 hmeread+0x31c
8192 | 0 hmeintr+0x36c
16384 |@@@ 1
sbus_intr_wrapper+0x30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec Lock Caller
1 9% 91% 1.00 1036 0x30000055380 freemsg+0x44
nsec ------ Time Distribution ------ count Stack
1024 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1 freemsg+0x44
tcp_rput_data+0x2fd0
putnext+0x78
ip_rput+0xec4
_c_putnext+0x148
hmeread+0x31c
hmeintr+0x36c
sbus_intr_wrapper+0x30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[...]
Example 4: Basic Kernel Profiling
For basic profiling, we don't care whether the profiling
interrupt sampled foo()+0x4c or foo()+0x78; we care only
that it sampled somewhere in foo(), so we use -k. The CPU
and PIL aren't relevant to basic profiling because we are
measuring the system as a whole, not a particular CPU or
interrupt level, so we use -W.
example# lockstat -kIW -D 20 ./polltest
Profiling interrupt: 82 events in 0.424 seconds (194
events/sec)
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec Hottest CPU+PIL Caller
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
8 10% 10% 1.00 698 cpu[1] utl0
6 7% 17% 1.00 299 cpu[0] read
5 6% 23% 1.00 124 cpu[1] getf
4 5% 28% 1.00 327 cpu[0] fifo_read
4 5% 33% 1.00 112 cpu[1] poll
4 5% 38% 1.00 212 cpu[1] uiomove
4 5% 43% 1.00 361 cpu[1] mutex_tryenter
3 4% 46% 1.00 682 cpu[0] write
3 4% 50% 1.00 89 cpu[0] pcache_poll
3 4% 54% 1.00 118 cpu[1] set_active_fd
3 4% 57% 1.00 105 cpu[0] syscall_trap32
3 4% 61% 1.00 640 cpu[1] (usermode)
2 2% 63% 1.00 127 cpu[1] fifo_poll
2 2% 66% 1.00 300 cpu[1] fifo_write
2 2% 68% 1.00 669 cpu[0] releasef
2 2% 71% 1.00 112 cpu[1] bt_getlowbit
2 2% 73% 1.00 247 cpu[1] splx
2 2% 76% 1.00 503 cpu[0] mutex_enter
2 2% 78% 1.00 467 cpu[0]+10 disp_lock_enter
2 2% 80% 1.00 139 cpu[1] default_copyin
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 5: Generated-load Profiling
In the example above, 5% of the samples were in poll(). This
tells us how much time was spent inside poll() itself, but
tells us nothing about how much work was generated by
poll(); that is, how much time we spent in functions called
by poll(). To determine that, we use the -g option. The
example below shows that although polltest spends only 5% of
its time in poll() itself, poll()-induced work accounts for
34% of the load.
Note that the functions that generate the profiling inter-
rupt (lockstat_intr(), cyclic_fire(), and so forth) appear
in every stack trace, and therefore are considered to have
generated 100% of the load. This illustrates an important
point: the generated load percentages do not add up to 100%
because they are not independent. If 72% of all stack traces
contain both foo() and bar(), then both foo() and bar() are
72% load generators.
example# lockstat -kgIW -D 20 ./polltest
Profiling interrupt: 80 events in 0.412 seconds (194 events/sec)
Count genr cuml rcnt nsec Hottest CPU+PIL Caller
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
80 100% ---- 1.00 310 cpu[1] lockstat_intr
80 100% ---- 1.00 310 cpu[1] cyclic_fire
80 100% ---- 1.00 310 cpu[1] cbe_level14
80 100% ---- 1.00 310 cpu[1] current_thread
27 34% ---- 1.00 176 cpu[1] poll
20 25% ---- 1.00 221 cpu[0] write
19 24% ---- 1.00 249 cpu[1] read
17 21% ---- 1.00 232 cpu[0] write32
17 21% ---- 1.00 207 cpu[1] pcache_poll
14 18% ---- 1.00 319 cpu[0] fifo_write
13 16% ---- 1.00 214 cpu[1] read32
10 12% ---- 1.00 208 cpu[1] fifo_read
10 12% ---- 1.00 787 cpu[1] utl0
9 11% ---- 1.00 178 cpu[0] pcacheset_resolve
9 11% ---- 1.00 262 cpu[0] uiomove
7 9% ---- 1.00 506 cpu[1] (usermode)
5 6% ---- 1.00 195 cpu[1] fifo_poll
5 6% ---- 1.00 136 cpu[1] syscall_trap32
4 5% ---- 1.00 139 cpu[0] releasef
3 4% ---- 1.00 277 cpu[1] polllock
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
...
Example 6: Gathering Lock Contention and Profiling Data for
a Specific Module
In this example we use the -f option not to specify a single
function, but rather to specify the entire text space of the
sbus module. We gather both lock contention and profiling
statistics so that contention can be correlated with overall
load on the module.
example# modinfo | grep sbus
24 102a8b6f b8b4 59 1 sbus (SBus (sysio) nexus driver)
example# lockstat -kICE -f 0x102a8b6f,0xb8b4 sleep 10
Adaptive mutex spin: 39 events in 10.042 seconds (4 events/sec)
Count indv cuml rcnt spin Lock Caller
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 38% 38% 1.00 2 0x30005160528 sync_stream_buf
7 18% 56% 1.00 1 0x30005160d18 sync_stream_buf
6 15% 72% 1.00 2 0x300060c3118 sync_stream_buf
5 13% 85% 1.00 2 0x300060c3510 sync_stream_buf
2 5% 90% 1.00 2 0x300060c2d20 sync_stream_buf
2 5% 95% 1.00 2 0x30005161cf8 sync_stream_buf
1 3% 97% 1.00 2 0x30005161110 sync_stream_buf
1 3% 100% 1.00 2 0x30005160130 sync_stream_buf
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adaptive mutex block: 9 events in 10.042 seconds (1 events/sec)
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec Lock Caller
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 44% 44% 1.00 156539 0x30005160528 sync_stream_buf
2 22% 67% 1.00 763516 0x30005160d18 sync_stream_buf
1 11% 78% 1.00 462130 0x300060c3510 sync_stream_buf
1 11% 89% 1.00 288749 0x30005161110 sync_stream_buf
1 11% 100% 1.00 1015374 0x30005160130 sync_stream_buf
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profiling interrupt: 229 events in 10.042 seconds (23 events/sec)
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec Hottest CPU+PIL Caller
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
89 39% 39% 1.00 426 cpu[0]+6 sync_stream_buf
64 28% 67% 1.00 398 cpu[0]+6 sbus_intr_wrapper
23 10% 77% 1.00 324 cpu[0]+6 iommu_dvma_kaddr_load
21 9% 86% 1.00 512 cpu[0]+6 iommu_tlb_flush
14 6% 92% 1.00 342 cpu[0]+6 iommu_dvma_unload
13 6% 98% 1.00 306 cpu[1] iommu_dvma_sync
5 2% 100% 1.00 389 cpu[1] iommu_dma_bindhdl
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 7: Determining the Average PIL (processor interrupt
level) for a CPU
example# lockstat -Iw -l cpu[3] ./testprog
Profiling interrupt: 14791 events in 152.463 seconds (97 events/sec)
Count indv cuml rcnt nsec CPU+PIL Hottest Caller
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
13641 92% 92% 1.00 253 cpu[3] (usermode)
579 4% 96% 1.00 325 cpu[3]+6 ip_ocsum+0xe8
375 3% 99% 1.00 411 cpu[3]+10 splx
154 1% 100% 1.00 527 cpu[3]+4 fas_intr_svc+0x80
41 0% 100% 1.00 293 cpu[3]+13 send_mondo+0x18
1 0% 100% 1.00 266 cpu[3]+12 zsa_rxint+0x400
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWdtrc |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
dtrace(1M), attributes(5), lockstat(7D), mutex(9F),
rwlock(9F)
Solaris Dynamic Tracing Guide
NOTES
The profiling support provided by lockstat -I replaces the
old (and undocumented) /usr/bin/kgmon and /dev/profile.
Tail-call elimination can affect call sites. For example, if
foo()+0x50 calls bar() and the last thing bar() does is call
mutex_exit(), the compiler can arrange for bar() to branch
to mutex_exit()with a return address of foo()+0x58. Thus,
the mutex_exit() in bar() will appear as though it occurred
at foo()+0x58.
The PC in the stack frame in which an interrupt occurs can
be bogus because, between function calls, the compiler is
free to use the return address register for local storage.
When using the -I and -s options together, the interrupted
PC will usually not appear anywhere in the stack since the
interrupt handler is entered asynchronously, not by a func-
tion call from that PC.
The lockstat technology is provided on an as-is basis. The
format and content of lockstat output reflect the current
Solaris kernel implementation and are therefore subject to
change in future releases.
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